There are two ways in which ozone sterilizes water: one is that ozone directly acts on the cell wall of bacteria, destroying it and causing cell death; Another type is the release of oxygen from the ground state when ozone is synthesized in water. Free state oxygen has strong oxidizing ability and can penetrate cell walls to oxidize and synthesize glucose oxidase, which is necessary for the internal oxidation of glucose in bacteria. It can also directly interact with bacteria and viruses, destroy their organelles and ribonucleic acids, and synthesize DNA RNA、 Polymer molecules such as proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides disrupt the material metabolism and reproductive processes of bacteria; It can also infiltrate cell membrane tissue, invade the cell membrane and act on outer membrane lipoproteins and internal lipopolysaccharides, promote cell lysis and death, and dissolve, denature, and destroy genetic genes, parasitic strains, parasitic virus particles, bacteriophages, mycoplasma, and pyrogens (bacterial and viral metabolites, endotoxins) in the dead bacteria. Some scholars also believe that ozone acts on the surface of cells, altering the permeability of the cell membrane and ultimately causing leakage of cellular components into the intermediate medium.
The inactivation reaction of ozone on bacteria always stops very quickly. Unlike other fungicides, ozone can react with lipid double bonds in bacterial cell walls, penetrate into the interior of bacterial cells, act on proteins and lipopolysaccharides, alter cell permeability, and lead to bacterial death. Ozone also acts on nuclear substances inside cells, such as purines and pyrimidines in nucleic acids, which damage DNA. The effect of ozone on viruses is first to act on the four polypeptide chains of the viral capsid protein, causing damage to RNA, especially the constituent proteins. After being oxidized by ozone, the surface of bacteriophages can be seen to be broken into many fragments under electron microscopy, releasing many ribonucleic acids that interfere with their adsorption onto storage bodies. Ozone sterilization is thorough.

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